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mer. 30/05/2018
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Réunion Interne Conseil de Laboratoire |
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10h-12h |
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ISH |
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mer. 30/05/2018
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Effets comportementaux et corrélats neurofonctionnels d'une thérapie basée sur l'action dans l'aphasie chronique. |
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14h-15h |
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ISH, salle Marc Bloch |
Conférence de :
- Edith Durand (Laboratoire Ansaldo – CRIUGM, Université de Montréal, et Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada)
dans le cadre DENDY |
L’aphasie est un trouble acquis du langage survenant suite à une lésion cérébrale, dont
l’anomie, ou manque du mot, est le symptôme le plus fréquent et persistant. L’anomie peut
affecter toutes les catégories grammaticales. Les recherches ont longtemps ciblé la
récupération des noms, alors que les thérapies concernant la récupération des verbes restent
rares. Pourtant, les verbes jouent un rôle essentiel dans la production d’énoncés. Les données
de la littérature ont montré que la production de verbes d’action activait des aires semblables
à celles activées lors de la réalisation de cette même action. Pour bénéficier de ce lien existant
entre action et langage, nous avons développé une thérapie combinant trois stratégies
sensorimotrices en vue de faciliter la récupération de la capacité à nommer des verbes
d’action chez des personnes aphasiques chroniques avec anomie des verbes modérée à
sévère.
La première partie de l’exposé présentera les principes de cette thérapie. La seconde partie
ciblera les résultats comportementaux obtenus auprès d’un groupe de personnes atteintes
d’aphasie chronique, ainsi que les corrélats neurofonctionnels obtenus en IRM fonctionnelle.
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ven. 01/06/2018
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Séminaire DTT - Conférence de Maurice Pico (Universiteit Leiden)
The feedback between syntax and functions of determiners in Yokot'an |
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14h-16h |
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ISH - Salle Berty Albrecht |
The purpose of this talk is to discuss my ongoing research of the NP in Yokot'an (a Mayan language of the Cholan branch spoken in Mexico), situating the grammaticalization of the article ni within the wider context of NP syntactic structure.
It has been proposed that definite articles in the Cholan branch have raised through syntactic reanalysis of clefted (complex) clauses into dislocated (simplex) clauses (Becquey 2014, building on Mora-Marin 2009). This involves an implicit adjustment of the NP syntactic integrity whereby a non-verbal clefted predication is now reinterpreted as a single “articled” NP constituent preceded by a demonstrative-like focus marker. This interaction between information structure, clausal structure and NP structure leads to the following questions. What should count as an article? And what is the mutual feedback between function and the syntactic distribution of nominal determiners?
Following ideas by Himmelman (1997) on the link between article grammaticalization and the emergence of the syntactic structure in NPs, I wish to explore the relation between the syntactic structure of the NP in Yokot'an and the functionality of deictic enclitics, demonstratives and the definite article.
References
Becquey, Cédric. 2014. Diasystème, Diachronie. Études comparées dans les langues cholanes. PhD Dissertation, Utrecht: LOT.
Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. 1997. Deiktikon, Artikel, Nominalphrase: Zur Emergenz Syntaktischer Struktur. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Mora-Marín, David F. 2009. The reconstruction of the Proto-Cholan demonstrative pronouns, deictic enclitics, and definite articles. Transactions of the Philological Society 107(1), 98-129.
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mar. 12/06/2018
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Head-Modifier Relations in Verb-Verb Compounds: A Preliminary Typology
by Alexei Vinyar (ASLAN visitor & National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscou)
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14h00-15h30 |
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ISH, André Frossard |
In this talk, I would like to discuss my preliminary typological study of Head-Modifier relations in verb-verb compound construction (VCC further). In my definition, a VCC is a serial verb construction (SVC) whose elements are strictly contiguous (1-3). My study focuses on two problems highlighted by previous research on SVCs: the principles determining the order of the VCC components and the propensity of certain SVCs/VCCs to grammaticalize.
(1) Saliba, Austronesian family (Multinesia)
ye-tu-dobi-ei-∅
3SG-throw-go.down-APP-3SG.O
‘He threw it down’. (Margetts 1999: 126)
(2) =ǀHoan, Kxa family (Africa)
ma ‖kǒe na ka ‖hoam-‖hoam ča
1SG still ITIN SUB jog come
‘While I still was coming jogging’. (Collins & Gruber 2014: 169)
(3) Chimalapa Zoque, Mixe-Zoquean family (North America)
piceŋhoʔ dəš də=min-təʔ-keʔt-pa
thus 1PRN 1A=come-want-REPET-INC
‘That’s why I want to come back again’. (Johnson 2000: 237)
In the introductory part of my talk I will briefly discuss the concepts I use and the constructions I investigate in my study and how these concepts differ from the ones used by Aikhenvald & Dixon (2006) and Haspelmath (2016).
The second part of my talk is devoted to the ordering of the VCC components. For the data I have, I argue that the order of verbs in the VCCs with cognition and desire verbs (3) correlates with the order in object-verb and incorporation constructions. However, the order of verbs in Manner-of-Motion VCCs (2) and Directional VCCs (1) is semantically-influenced and is ‘ignorant’ to other syntactic structures.
In the third part of my talk, I focus on the grammaticalization of the VCCs I studied. I discuss previous claims (see Aikhenvald 2006; Bisang 2009) about the role of SVCs/VCCs in grammaticalization and how these claims can be applied to my results.
References
Aikhenvald, A. Y. (2006). Serial verb constructions in typological perspective. Serial verb constructions: A cross-linguistic typology, 1-68.
Aikhenvald, A. I., & Dixon, R. M. W. (Eds.). (2006). Serial verb constructions: A cross-linguistic typology (Vol. 2). Oxford University Press on Demand.
Bisang, W. (2009). Serial verb constructions. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3(3), 792-814.
Haspelmath, M. (2016). The serial verb construction: Comparative concept and cross-linguistic generalizations. Language and Linguistics, 17(3), 291-319.
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mer. 13/06/2018
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Atelier "Histoire et Ecologie des Langues"
Christophe Coupé, Francois Pellegrino & Dan Dediu: "Information transmission and the bio-cultural niche of language" |
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14h00-15h30 |
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ISH-Ennat Leger |
Language is universally used by all human groups, but this universality comes with very high levels of variation at all levels across the 7,000 or so languages (Evans & Levinson, 2009). For example, linguistic differences between Japanese and English result in a ratio of 1:11 in their number of distinct syllables, with consequently large variation in their Shannonian information per syllable. Recent work suggests that linguistic diversity is due not only to language-internal processes of change (Campbell, 2004), but is also influenced by external factors such as climate (Everett, Blasí, & Roberts, 2016), population genetics (Dediu & Ladd, 2007), socio-demography (Lupyan & Dale, 2016) etc. This reinforces the view that, on timescales spanning generations, languages locally adapt to specific physico-bio-cultural niches, further increasing linguistic diversity (Lupyan & Dale, 2016, Christiansen & Chater, 2008)
During the talk, we will show, using quantitative methods applied to a large cross-linguistic corpus, that the interplay between language-specific structural properties (as reflected by the amount of information per syllable) and speaker-level language production and processing (as reflected by speech rate) lead languages to gravitate around an optimal information rate of about 40bits/second. We will argue that this result highlights the intimate feedback loops between languages and their speakers, and supports a view of human language as the product of a niche construction process involving biology, environment and culture.
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ven. 22/06/2018
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Séminaire DTT - Conférence Francesca Di Garbo (U. de Stockholm)
On the distribution, evolution, and adaptation of
linguistic complexity
Two studies in synchronic and diachronic typology |
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14h-16h |
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ISH - Salle André Frossard |
In this talk I present my research on the typological study of linguistic complexity and its sociohistorical
correlates.
In the first part of the talk, I present joint work with Kaius Sinnemäki (University of Helsinki) on methodological issues in sociolinguistic typology. We investigate what typological and sociolinguistic variables may be best suited to understand the relationship between language structures and social structures, and we test what methods of analysis may be most appropriate to capture this relationship.Our research shows that while there is evidence for adaptive patterns of language structures to
the sociolinguistic environment (1) not all linguistic variables adapt, and (2) multiple sociolinguistic
variables conspire to shape patterns of linguistic adaptation and their effects cannot be studied in isolation.
We draw these conclusions based on a dataset of about 300 languages and on two case studies
of morphological complexity in the verbal (degree of in
ectional synthesis) and nominal (number of
gender distinctions) domain.
In the second part of the talk, I present ongoing work with Annemarie Verkerk (Max Planck Institute
for the Science of Human History) on patterns of restructuring in the gender marking systems
of the Bantu languages and their sociohistorical correlates. The project aims to develop a diachronic
typology of Bantu gender marking systems, by addressing variation across the languages of the family,
the distribution of this variation, and the patterns of language change that can be inferred to motivate
it. We work on a sample of 254+ Bantu languages from zones A-B-C-D-H, where both traditional
and heavily restructured gender systems have been attested (Maho 1999). Our fndings so far indicate
that several Bantu gender systems have undergone animacy-based restructuring and that these patterns
of restructuring can be classified into two types, partial and radical, depending on how pervasive
animacy-based gender marking is. I frst illustrate the two types of restructuring with examples from
selected languages, and comment on their geographic distribution within the sampled area. I then
move on to how the emergence and distribution of such patterns of restructuring can be modeled using
phylogenetic comparative methods and how these models compare with existing typological literature
on the evolution of gender marking systems (Corbett 1979, 1991, 2006; Dahl 2000; Di Garbo & Miestamo
forthcoming). Finally I discuss the socio-historical and geographical factors (e.g., demography,
history of migrations, proximity to typologically similar and/or genealogically related languages) that
may favor/disfavor the rise and spread of restructuring in this domain of grammar and within the
Bantu family.
References
Corbett, Greville. 1979. The agreement hierarchy. Journal of Linguistics 15. 203-224.
Corbett, Greville. 1991. Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corbett, Greville. 2006. Agreement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dahl, Östen. 2000. Animacy and the notion of semantic gender. In Barbara Unterbeck, Matti Rissanen,
Tettu Nevalainen & Mirja Saari (eds.), Gender in grammar and cognition, 99-115. Berlin: Mouton
de Gruyter.
Di Garbo, Francesca & Matti Miestamo. forthcoming. The evolving complexity of gender agreement
systems. In Di Garbo, Francesca and Bernhard Wälchli and Bruno Olsson (ed.), Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity.
Maho, Jouni. 1999. A comparative study of Bantu noun classes. Göteborg: Orientalia et Africana Gothoburgensia dissertation. Acta universitatis gothoburgensia.
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